![]() Next, we tested for the effect of F1 on the expression level of key molecules involved in learning and memory. We observed F1 administration reduced the Aβ plaque area and density in the cortex, but not in the hippocampus of AD mice. To search for a possible underlying molecular and cellular mechanism, we investigated the effect of F1 on Aβ plaque. After 8-wk oral administration of F1 jelly, we observed that spatial working memory, but not context-dependent fear memory, was restored in AD mice. Here, we report that a minor ginsenoside F1 improves memory function in APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) double-transgenic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model mice. However, the identity of specific minor ginsenosides mediating such function remains unknown. Previous studies reported a memory improvement effect of a few major ginsenosides. The key molecular components in ginseng that produce pharmacological effects are ginsenosides. Ginseng has been shown to produce a cognitive improvement effect. ![]()
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